Cardiology Wikipedia. Cardiology. Blood flow diagram of the human heart. Blue components indicate de oxygenated blood pathways and red components indicate oxygenated blood pathways. System. Cardiovascular. Subdivisions. Interventional, Nuclear. Significant diseases. Heart disease, Cardiovascular disease, Atherosclerosis, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertension High Blood PressureSignificant tests. Blood tests, Electrophysiology study, Cardiac imaging, ECG, Echocardiograms, Stress test. Specialist. Cardiologist. Understanding Pharmacology For Health Professionals 3rd Edition Document about Understanding Pharmacology For Health Professionals 3rd Edition is available on print. Review Article. Current Concepts. Computed Tomography An Increasing Source of Radiation Exposure. David J. Brenner, Ph. D., D. Sc., and Eric J. Hall, D. Phil., D. Sc. Essentials Of Pediatric Radiology Pdf DownloadCardiology from Greekkardi, heart and logia, study is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart as well as parts of the circulatory system. The field includes medical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology. Physicians who specialize in this field of medicine are called cardiologists, a specialty of internal medicine. Pediatric cardiologists are pediatricians who specialize in cardiology. Essentials Of Pediatric Radiology Pdf FreeCardiology from Greek kardi, heart and logia, study is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart as well as parts of. Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer in men in the United States. An estimated one in six white men and one in five AfricanAmerican men will be. Lymphatic Metastases from Pelvic Tumors Anatomic Classification, Characterization, and Staging. Physicians who specialize in cardiac surgery are called cardiothoracic surgeons or cardiac surgeons, a specialty of general surgery. Although the cardiovascular system is inextricably linked to blood, cardiology is relatively unconcerned with hematology and its diseases. Some obvious exceptions that affect the function of the heart would be blood tests electrolyte disturbances, troponins, decreased oxygen carrying capacity anemia, hypovolemic shock, and coagulopathies. SpecializationseditAll cardiologists study the disorders of the heart, but the study of adult and child heart disorders are through different training pathways. Therefore, an adult cardiologist often simply called cardiologist is inadequately trained to take care of children, and pediatric cardiologists are inadequately trained to take care of adults. The surgical aspects are not included in cardiology and are in the domain of cardiothoracic surgery. For example, coronary artery bypass surgery CABG, cardiopulmonary bypass and valve replacement are surgical procedures performed by surgeons, not cardiologists. However the insertion of stents, pacemakers are performed by cardiologists. Adult cardiologyeditCardiology is a specialty of internal medicine. To be a cardiologist in the United States, a three year residency in internal medicine is followed by a three year fellowship in cardiology. It is possible to specialize further in a sub specialty. Recognized sub specialties in the United States by the ACGME are cardiac electrophysiology, echocardiography, interventional cardiology, and nuclear cardiology. Recognized subspecialties in the United States by the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists AOABOS include clinical cardiac electrophysiology and interventional cardiology. Per doximity, adult cardiologists make an average of 4. United States. 2Cardiac electrophysiologyeditCardiac electrophysiology is the science of elucidating, diagnosing, and treating the electrical activities of the heart. The term is usually used to describe studies of such phenomena by invasive intracardiac catheter recording of spontaneous activity as well as of cardiac responses to programmed electrical stimulation PES. These studies are performed to assess complex arrhythmias, elucidate symptoms, evaluate abnormal electrocardiograms, assess risk of developing arrhythmias in the future, and design treatment. These procedures increasingly include therapeutic methods typically radiofrequency ablation, or cryoablation in addition to diagnostic and prognostic procedures. Other therapeutic modalities employed in this field include antiarrhythmic drug therapy and implantation of pacemakers and automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillators AICD. The cardiac electrophysiology study EPS typically measures the response of the injured or cardiomyopathic myocardium to PES on specific pharmacological regimens in order to assess the likelihood that the regimen will successfully prevent potentially fatal sustained ventricular tachycardia VT or ventricular fibrillation VF VF in the future. Sometimes a series of EPS drug trials must be conducted to enable the cardiologist to select the one regimen for long term treatment that best prevents or slows the development of VT or VF following PES. Such studies may also be conducted in the presence of a newly implanted or newly replaced cardiac pacemaker or AICD. Clinical cardiac electrophysiologyeditClinical cardiac electrophysiology is a branch of the medical specialty of cardiology and is concerned with the study and treatment of rhythm disorders of the heart. Cardiologists with expertise in this area are usually referred to as electrophysiologists. Electrophysiologists are trained in the mechanism, function, and performance of the electrical activities of the heart. Electrophysiologists work closely with other cardiologists and cardiac surgeons to assist or guide therapy for heart rhythm disturbances arrhythmias. They are trained to perform interventional and surgical procedures to treat cardiac arrhythmia. The training required to become an electrophysiologist is long and requires 7 to 8 years after medical school in the U. S. Three years of internal medicine residency, three years of Clinical Cardiology fellowship, and one to two in most instances years of clinical cardiac electrophysiology. CardiogeriatricseditCardiogeriatrics or geriatric cardiology is the branch of cardiology and geriatric medicine that deals with the cardiovascular disorders in elderly people. Cardiac disorders such as coronary heart disease including myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias as atrial fibrillation and others are common and are a major cause of mortality in elderly people. Vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease cause significant morbidity and mortality in aged people. EchocardiographyeditEchocardiography uses standard two dimensional, three dimensional, and Doppler ultrasound to create images of the heart. Echocardiography has become routinely used in the diagnosis, management, and follow up of patients with any suspected or known heart diseases. It is one of the most widely used diagnostic tests in cardiology. It can provide a wealth of helpful information, including the size and shape of the heart internal chamber size quantification, pumping capacity, and the location and extent of any tissue damage. An echocardiogram can also give physicians other estimates of heart function, such as a calculation of the cardiac output, ejection fraction, and diastolic function how well the heart relaxes. Echocardiography can help detect cardiomyopathies, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and many others. The use of stress echocardiography may also help determine whether any chest pain or associated symptoms are related to heart disease. The biggest advantage to echocardiography is that it is not invasive does not involve breaking the skin or entering body cavities and has no known risks or side effects. Interventional cardiologyeditInterventional cardiology is a branch of cardiology that deals specifically with the catheter based treatment of structural heart diseases. Andreas Gruentzig is considered the father of interventional cardiology after the development of angioplasty by interventional radiologist Charles Dotter. 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